Which of the following are common Alignment Anomalies of the Spine and Thorax?

• A. All of the above
• B. Scoliosis
• C. Lordosis
• D. Kyphosis

Answer: (A)

Common alignment anomalies of the spine and thorax include scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine (often with rotation), kyphosis is an exaggerated forward bend in the upper back, and lordosis is an increased inward curve in the lower back. Each of these represents a deviation from neutral spinal alignment that you might encounter in Pilates or rehab settings. Because all three are recognized alignment variations, the option that includes every one of them is the best choice: all of the above.